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The development of single Chinese materia medica is an important direction of technological innovation in the field of Chinese materia medica at present， and the study of its comprehensive intellectual property protection system is of great significance to the intellectual property protection of the whole chain of innovative enterprises of single Chinese materia medica. Based on this， this paper takes the comprehensive protection system of intellectual property of Callicarpa nudiflora constructed by Jiuzhitang Pharmaceutical as a model to conduct empirical research， analyzes the protection forms applicable to intellectual property of Chinese materia medica， such as patents， administrative protection， trademarks， designs and intangible cultural heritages， and discusses the valuable and insufficient aspects of the protection system currently constructed by Jiuzhitang Pharmaceutical and puts forward the following suggestions：①paying attention to patent applications for planting/processing methods of raw medicinal materials， ②emphasizing the protection of geographical indications， authentic medicinal herbs， and new plant varieties， ③actively promoting product and technology upgrades， ④applying for data protection during product iteration， ⑤emphasizing the layout timing of patent and administrative protection， ⑥focusing on improving goodwill， ⑦enhancing awareness of intellectual property protection and promoting deep integration of industry， academia， and research. We hope that innovative enterprises engaged in the development of single Chinese materia medica can learn from the experience of the case， and optimize the strategy to better protect related products.
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Objective:This article takes the practical experience of the construction of the cardiovascular disease clinical medicine research center in Nanjing First Hospital as an example to provide reference for institutions preparing to build a clinical research center.Methods:The center conducts top-level design based on clinical needs, and this study systematically elaborates the construction of the center from management mechanisms, research platforms, collaborative networks, team building and international cooperation.Results:The center has made remarkable progress in clinical research, scientific and technological innovation, transformation and promotion, standard formulation, and technology leading. On the basis of an international perspective, the level of regional diagnosis and treatment has been improved by optimizing the structure of subject talents, and focusing on the clinical needs of cardiovascular subspecialty.Conclusions:Taking the construction of the clinical medicine center as an opportunity, integrating superior resources, improving the level of disease diagnosis, treatment and service and enhancing international academic influence are effective measures to accelerate the development of health services and deepen medical reforms.
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Objective:To introduce the construction of Henan Cerebral Palsy Register and Rehabilitation Management System (HCPRRMS) and to explore the construction project of regional register and surveillance of cerebral palsy. Methods:The construction process, registration content and preliminary results of HCPRRMS were systematically introduced. Results:HCPRRMS was independent developed in 2014. Since March, 2015, the system has been used to register information of patients with cerebral palsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Until September, 2019, a total of 23 child rehabilitation institutions had used the registration management system. There were 1357 patients with cerebral palsy registered in this system, in which 936 cases (68.98%) were male, 501 cases (36.92%) were with gestational weeks < 37, 443 cases (32.65%) were with birth weight < 2500 g, and 430 cases (31.69%) were born with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Among them, the spastic cerebral palsy patients (1117 cases, 86.74%) accounted for the highest proportion. There was significant difference among types of cerebral palsy and the classification of GMFCS. A total of 1117 patients with cerebral palsy showed MRI-identified brain abnormalities, in which, periventricular leukomalacia accounted for the most (480 cases). For the complications, epilepsy accounted for 14.44% (196 cases), vision impairment accounted for 8.03% (109 cases), hearing impairment accounted for 11.64% (158 cases). Among 769 cases aged more than two years, language-speech dysfunction accounted for 52.66% (424 cases); and among 216 cases aged more than four years, mental retardation accounted for 37.96% (82 cases). Conclusion:HCPRRMS could help to understand the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and complications of cerebral palsy.
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Naozhenning Granule (NG) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which can cool and activate blood, resolve stasis and dredge collaterals, enrich blood and tranquilize mind, calm nerves and arrest vomiting. The clinical studies have also confirmed that NG was effective for the treatment of headache, dizziness, irritability, insomnia, forgetfulness, nausea, and vomiting caused by cerebral trauma. The quality markers (Q-markers) of NG are predicted and analyzed based on the “five principles” of Q-markers of Chinese materia medica and the research literatures in the recent years. The modern pharmacological research of the selected Q-markers was reviewed and analyzed. Then the network of “Q-marker, targets, pathway, and disease” was constructed, in order to provide the scientific basis for the quality control study of NG.
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OBJECTIVE To construct the neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) sub-network regulated by Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW) and analyze its characteristics. METHODS We took the GSE57273 in GEO database and screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs)(P<0.01) by the GEO2R tool as gene expression signature of LW. The global PPI network was constructed in the context of whole PPI network through direct interaction algorithm and forest algorithm respectively.Then the enrichment and the topological characteristics of NIM signaling molecules were evaluated by permutation test. Finally, we abstracted the NIM sub-network by NIMNT, which combined the NIM molecular network and forest algorithm, and analyzed the topological characteristics of it by the Network Analyzer(release 2.7)plugin in Cytoscape v3.5.1.RESULTS We got 2468 DEGs in the gene expression signature of LW.After analyzing the global PPI network of LW got by two kinds of algorithms,we found that the NIM signaling molecules significantly enriched and located in important positions in the global PPI network. The NIM sub-network regulated by LW contained 1099 nodes and 1056 edges. We screened out 22 hub nodes (Degree>10). Among them, there were 19 NIM signaling molecules in which only ESR1 changed significantly and 3 non-DEGs(NFATC2,RARA,TP53).However,the down-stream of the hub nodes were significantly changes. CONCLUSION The results suggested that LW might mainly regulate the non-hub nodes to recovery of the network imbalance of the body in the state of disease.
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Network construction technology is the basis for network pharmacology research. Data originated from experiment, database and computational prediction can be used to construct drugome network, diseaseome network and molecular interactome network. The molecular network construction for the complex diseases represented by Alzheimer′s disease (AD) could be used to identify the important targets, pathogenesis and drug action mechanism, and guide drug development and drug reposition. This paper reviews techniques for molecular network construction in network pharmacology study.
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Network construction technology is the basis for network pharmacology research. Data originated from experiment, database and computational prediction can be used to construct drugome network,diseaseome network and molecular interactome net?work. The molecular network construction for the complex diseases represented by Alzheimer′s disease(AD)could be used to identify the important targets,pathogenesis and drug action mechanism,and guide drug development and drug reposition. This paper reviews techniques for molecular network construction in network pharmacology study.
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Recently ,network pharmacology was a pop emerging pharmacology branch .The theory of "multi-gene , multi-target"about network pharmacology was consistent with treatment of complex disease .Different from the traditional ex-perimental methods about pharmacology ,the research methods of network pharmacology uniquely obtain the information of drugs and relative targets with less time and less money .In this paper ,according to the searching of China Knowledge Re-source Integrated Database and PubMed ,three aspects about research methods of network pharmacology together with its ap-plications were introduced :network construction ,network analysis and experimental validation .The introductions of the meth-ods gave us a new vision in researching the field of pharmacology deeply .